HistoricalSites, Narva

Tartu Cathedral, located on the beautiful Toomemägi Hill, is one of the largest churches in Estonia. It is also the only mediaeval church with two towers in Estonia. The construction of the church started in the 13th century and the church was fully completed in the beginning of the 16th century. The church towers were the last things to be finished. During the Livonian War, the church was destroyed and since then, it has not operated as a church. The ruins of the Tartu Cathedral are one of the most prominent examples of brick-Gothic buildings in Old Livonia. The University of Tartu Museum, which introduces the history of science and university education, operates there. In addition to the museum, there is also the Toompood store, and visitors can also go to the cathedral’s towers, which offer beautiful views. https://www.visitestonia.com/en/tartu-cathedral

The Holy Dormition Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery is one of the largest and most famous monasteries in Russia with a long history. http://russiatrek.org/blog/architecture/pskov-caves-monastery-a-unique-architectural-complex/

The Fortress of Lappeenranta, nestled in South-Eastern Finland, is a fascinating blend of history and modern life. This lively spot once played a critical role in a defense network that also included the Suomenlinna fortress in Helsinki and the Hamina fortress. Although these fortresses vary in size, they share a common spirit of innovation and a commitment to preserving their rich past. By focusing on thoughtful land use, they enhance services and activities throughout the year, inviting visitors to explore and enjoy. Originally built as a border fortress, Lappeenranta was part of a strategic line of fortifications between Finland and North-Western Russia. Over the years, it swapped hands between the Swedes and Russians. Today, it stands as a testament to the intertwined Finnish, Russian, and Swedish heritage and is a proud member of the Castles and Fortifications cultural destination chain. What makes Lappeenranta truly special is its vibrant mix of the past and present. As you wander through its storied walls, you'll find charming cafes, quirky boutiques, and engaging museums, all set against the backdrop of stunning Lake Saimaa. In summer, the fortress hosts lively events and festivals, creating a buzzing atmosphere that draws locals and tourists alike. Whether you're a history buff or just looking for a unique adventure, the Fortress of Lappeenranta offers an unforgettable experience.

Nestled in the heart of Estonia, Kadriorg Palace is a stunning example of baroque architecture. Built in 1718 for Peter the Great, this grand palace now serves as the home for the Art Museum of Estonia's foreign collection. Imagine strolling through its opulent halls, where every corner whispers stories of the past, while you admire exquisite pieces of European art. The surrounding gardens are equally breathtaking, offering a serene escape with beautifully manicured landscapes and charming fountains. It's a perfect spot to relax and soak up the history and beauty of this magnificent place. Whether you're a history buff, an art enthusiast, or just love exploring new places, Kadriorg Palace promises a memorable experience.

The representative square of Tallinn – Freedom Square is a popular meeting place designed for pedestrians. The monument to the War of Independence is also located there. Over the years, the square has gone by many names: Heinaturg (Hay Market), Peetri plats (Peter’s Square), and Võiduväljak (Victory Square) among them. It was first named Freedom Square in 1939, remaining that way until 1948. The name was readopted in 1989. The defensive structures found at archaeological excavations have been preserved and stored in the parking lot under the square; the remains of the guard gates of the defence tower can be seen at the end of Harju Street through a glass screen. https://www.visitestonia.com/en/freedom-square-in-tallinn-and-the-monument-to-the-war-of-independence

This towering 38-meter-high cannon tower is a treasure trove for history buffs. It hosts an extensive museum dedicated to the town's fortifications, weapons, and life during the medieval era. As you wander through its exhibits, you can almost hear the echoes of the past. The museum brings history to life with its fascinating displays of ancient armor and weaponry. Plus, the panoramic views from the top are absolutely breathtaking. You can see the city sprawled out below, a perfect blend of old-world charm and modern vibrancy. It's a must-visit for anyone looking to get a true sense of the town's rich heritage.

Vallisaari and Kuninkaansaari are enchanting destinations for outings, next to the Suomenlinna fortress, just 20 minutes by boat from the Market Square in Helsinki. These two islands have served as the home and workplace of hundreds of people and as the place of military service for thousands of soldiers. Fortifications, buildings, and a record-breaking range of species tell a tale of coexistence between humans and wild nature. Just take a trip to these mysterious islands on which time seems to stand still. http://www.nationalparks.fi/Vallisaari

World Heritage Site Suomenlinna is a cultural treasure. Its construction began in the mid-18th century, when Finland was still part of Sweden. The development of tourism began after the wars in the 20th century, and in the 21st century, the Suomenlinna sea fortress is one of the most popular attractions in Finland. Today, the fortress and its museums, restaurants and events are a memorable experience for visitors of all ages. Suomenlinna is not only a popular visitor attraction but also a home of 800 residents. The number of visitors to Suomenlinna has continued to grow, and with over 900,000 visitors every year, the sea fortress is one of Finland’s most popular tourist destinations. Suomenlinna attracts visitors from both Finland and abroad: it offers an ideal environment for exploring a historical world heritage site, or just spending a day relaxing. Many visitors come to the island during the summer, but the number of wintertime visitors is steadily growing. https://www.suomenlinna.fi/en/

The Pärnu Museum is one of the most modern historical museums in the Baltics and offers an experience for the whole family. Permanent exhibition "The History of 11,000 Years - Experience from Ancient Times" brings you an exciting time line through the Stone Age, the medieval trade routes, the Baroque Fortress to the nostalgic Soviet period. https://www.visitparnu.com/component/visitestonia/3244/paernu-muuseum

The ruins of the Ungru manor used to represent one of the most impressive Neo-Baroque buildings in Estonia, although it never was really finished. Its sophisticated footprint and the numerous baroque volute ornaments on its gables are characteristic for the castle. Interesting to know: The Ungru Manor was an almost exact copy of the Merseburg castle in Germany. After World War II the manor fell into the hands of Soviet troops, in 1968 the chief of the airport decided to use the ruins of the manor to fill in the holes in the runway. About one-third of the manor was torn down, fortunately, the rest was preserved until today. Compare the neat ruins of the manor to the contrasting Soviet airfield remains next to them. https://www.visitestonia.com/en/ungru-castle-ruins#

The Museum Shop of the Olavinlinna Castle has a wide range of the National Board of Antiquities’ publications as well as other historical books, nostalgic posters and postcards. http://visitsavonlinna.fi/en/products/museum-shop-of-olavinlinna-castle/

The building of Olavinlinna Castle began in 1475. The Danish-born founder of the castle, knight Erik Axelsson Tott, decided that a powerful fortification should be build to protect the strategically important Savo region http://visitsavonlinna.fi/en/products/statue-musta-paessi-black-ram/

Kylämäki Village in Kurala is made up of four farms with buildings still standing at their original sites. The village has been inhabited since the 7th century. Nowadays, Kurala is a village of living history where visitors can travel back in time to a typical Southwest Finnish farm of the 1950s, complete with authentic scents and rural atmosphere. During summer in the Iso-Kohmo kitchen, oven-baked treats prepared to Grandma’s recipes are warming on the wood-burning stove. The farmer’s wife tells of everyday activities from the old days, whilst also giving handy tips on things such as making juice. http://www.visitturku.fi/en/kylamaki-village-of-living-history_

Koroistenniemi is the original site of ancient Turku. The large white cross marks the cradle of early medieval culture. Before Turku settled in its present position, Koroistenniemi, located just off the Aura River, was a bustling centre of commerce, culture and religion. A wide variety of ruins remain as a testament to that age, including the stone foundation for a wooden church from the mid-1200s. Indeed, Finland's first extensive, modern archaeological excavations were done here in 1898-1902. The National Board of Antiquities has named Koroinen one of Finland's most important Built Heritage sites. The site is marked by a large white memorial cross, which can be seen when arriving by train from Helsinki. http://www.visitturku.fi/en/ancient-ruins-of-koroinen_en

Forum Marinum, nestled beside the majestic Turku Castle, is a treasure trove for anyone curious about Finland's maritime and naval heritage. This national specialist museum is an adventure waiting to be explored, perfect for visitors of all ages. Picture yourself wandering through exhibits that bring the rich nautical history of Finland to life. The museum houses a fascinating collection of ships, models, and memorabilia that tell the tales of the sea. Whether you're a history buff or just looking for an intriguing day out, Forum Marinum offers a captivating glimpse into the past. One of the highlights is the chance to climb aboard the museum ships. Feel the thrill of standing on deck and imagining the adventures of sailors who once navigated these waters. The museum also hosts a variety of events and workshops throughout the year, adding an interactive element to your visit. Turku itself is the oldest city in Finland, and its charming streets are filled with history and culture. After your maritime exploration, take a stroll along the Aura River, where you'll find cozy cafes and delightful boutiques. It's the perfect way to round off a day of discovery at Forum Marinum.

Petäjävesi Old Church was welcomed into UNESCO's World Heritage list back in 1994, celebrated as a shining example of northern wooden architecture. It stands as a testament to Scandinavian and Lutheran church design, showcasing the rich and enduring tradition of log building. Nestled in the Finnish countryside, this church is a hidden gem that whispers stories of the past through its wooden walls. Its rustic charm and serene surroundings create the perfect setting for a journey back in time. The church, constructed between 1763 and 1765, offers a peek into the craftsmanship of the era. The intricate details of the architecture reflect a deep connection to nature and faith, making it a must-visit for history buffs and architecture enthusiasts alike. Whether you're an architecture aficionado or simply someone with a curious heart, Petäjävesi Old Church invites you to step into a world where time seems to stand still.

A coastal defence system in Reposaari, Pori, built in the 1930s. Reposaari fortress is a coastal defence system in Reposaari, Pori, built in the 1930s. The fortress is situated in the southern part of the island, west of the Reposaari village. In total, the area covers approximately 20 hectares. The fortress comprises two gun emplacements, two ammunition warehouses, three crew and medical bunkers, fire control post, observation tower and trenches connecting them. The concrete gun emplacements, ammunition warehouses and fire control post are original. The wooden bunkers and an observation tower were rebuilt in the 1990s and 2000s, as were the timber walls of the connecting trenches. The fortress was originally the coastal battery of the Reposaari naval civil guard, and it was built by volunteers in 1935. The construction of the battery was funded by Werner Hacklin, and as far as is known, it is the only privately funded coastal battery in Finland. Its purpose was to protect the port of Pori, as well as the city itself. The battery was controlled by the naval civil guard until the mobilisation of autumn 1939, when the Finnish Defence Forces assumed its control. At the same time, the battery was expanded into a fortress. https://www.visitpori.fi/en/reposaari-fortress-2855

A visit to the medieval castle at Kastelholm in Sund makes for an exciting outing for the whole family. It was mentioned for the first time in writing in an estate inventory for Bo Johnsson Grip in 1388. http://www.visitaland.com/en/articles/kastelholm-castle/

The Kajaani castle was built on the Ämmäkoski island of the Kajaani river in the centre of Kajaani, Finland, in the 17th century. It functioned as a governing centre, a prison, and a refuge for residents during times of persecution. The most famous prisoner in the castle was the historian Johannes Messenius, who was forced to live in the poor conditions of the castle from 1616 to 1635. Construction of the Kajaani castle began in 1604 and was completed in 1619. At first the castle only consisted of a stone wall, two round towers, and wooden buildings in the yard inside the castle. The second phase of construction was ordered by Count Peter Brahe which began in the 1650s and was completed in 1666. Upon completion many of the original wooden structures had been replaced with stone and the castle had become a fortress. During the “Greater Wrath”, Russian forces kept the castle under siege for months, and upon its surrender they blew up much of the fortress, transporting the inhabitants to Russia to be imprisoned. Kajaani Castle is thought to be the smallest stone castle, and the most northernmost, in the world. https://www.discoveringfinland.com/destination/kajaani-castle/

Smolensk fortress wall (also known as Smolensk kremlin) is a defensive structure built in 1595-1602. The length of the walls is 6.5 km (only less than half of walls and towers are preserved). http://russiatrek.org/smolensk-city

If you're into mysterious locales brimming with captivating tales, then exploring Lithuania's stunning castles should be on your travel list. These historic fortresses have stood the test of time, bearing witness to countless battles. Thanks to the brave efforts of the Lithuanians, many of these castles remain intact today, offering a visual feast for both locals and travelers alike. One of the highlights is Kaunas Castle, a medieval gem nestled in the heart of Lithuania. This 14th-century fortress, with its red brick walls and round towers, offers a peek into the country's medieval past. It’s a perfect spot for history buffs and Instagram enthusiasts alike. Imagine walking through its ancient corridors, where knights once roamed, and feeling the echoes of history all around you. If you're visiting in summer, don't miss the annual medieval festival held here. It's a lively celebration with costumed reenactors, traditional music, and local crafts, providing a fun and educational experience for all ages. Whether you're a history enthusiast or just looking for a unique adventure, Lithuania's castles offer a fascinating glimpse into the past.

Kaunas Town Hall, affectionately known as the "White Swan," is a stunning architectural gem in Lithuania's temporary capital. Nestled in the heart of Town Hall Square, this historic building is one of Kaunas's oldest and most enchanting sites. As you stroll through the square, the Town Hall's elegant white façade and soaring tower are sure to capture your attention. The square itself buzzes with life, surrounded by charming cafes and shops. It's a fantastic spot to sip a coffee and soak up the local atmosphere. The Town Hall is not just a pretty face; it hosts various events and weddings, making it a lively part of the community. If you're a history buff, you'll appreciate that the building dates back to the 16th century, offering a peek into the rich past of Kaunas. Whether you're a fan of architecture or just love discovering new places, Kaunas Town Hall is a must-see. Its blend of Gothic, Baroque, and Renaissance styles is a testament to the city's diverse historical influences. Plus, visiting during the evening when the building is beautifully illuminated adds a magical touch to your experience.

“Teremok” is a historical and architectural complex located in the former estate of the artist and patron of arts M.K. Tenisheva in the village of Flenovo, about 19 kilometers from Smolensk. http://russiatrek.org/blog/art/historical-and-architectural-complex-teremok/

Building started on Uppsala Slott (Uppsala Castle) in 1549 during the reign of Swedish King Gustav Vasa who intended it as a fortress. Look up from almost any location in Uppsala and you'll see it on the skyline at Kasåsen. The castle is the location of several major events in the history of Uppsala and Sweden; for example, ‘the Sture Murders’ in 1567 when several noblemen were butchered at the behest of deranged King Erik XIV who had accused them of treason (their clothes are displayed at Uppsala Cathedral). Like many mid-1500s castles in Sweden, bloodbaths, conflict and political plotting were par for the course. As fired, which engulfed Uppsala and the castle in 1702 when it virtually burned to the ground. Its remnants were then scavenged for the building of the Royal Palace in Stockholm, which didn’t help matters much. The castle façade you see today is faithful to the bright colour it was following its reconstruction in 1740. https://destinationuppsala.se/en/activities/uppsala-castle/

Everyone who wants to learn more about life in Västerbotten and its history should visit Västerbottens museum.It tells how the Sami people populated the forests and mountains, how fishing peoples lived along the coast and about the importance of skis as a form of transport in this region. https://www.visitumea.se/en/book/to-do/a470539/vasterbottens-museum/showdetails?filter=t%3DV%C3%A4sterbottens%20museum%3Bc%3D24264

Vologda monuments of wooden architecture are of special interest. Preserved wooden houses and estates of the 18th-19th centuries are represented in all the architectural styles of the time: One of the well known is Zasetsky House. http://russiatrek.org/vologda-city

Vologda, included in the list of Russian cities that have particularly valuable historical heritage, has a unique museum – Museum of Lace, the only one in the country. http://russiatrek.org/blog/art/museum-of-lace-in-vologda/

Merlo Castle, or Villa Merlo, as it's really called, was built to serve as a summer residence for the mighty Bünsow, and did it until his death in 1897. Today you will find SCA's central archive here. http://guide.visitsundsvall.se/sv/se-gora/a1466172/merlo-slott/detaljer?filter=c%3D1578

Lenin’s mausoleum in Moscow’s Red Square offers up one of Moscow’s most macabre attractions and perhaps the most famous “modern mummy” in the world. Frozen in time, Vladimir Ilych Lenin’s embalmed body lays within a red granite and black labratorite step-pyramid. Here visitors may gaze on it in the dark, cool of the tomb. The sarcophagus is kept at a constant temperature of 16° C (61° F) and humidity of 80 - 90 percent. Weekly, a mild bleach is used to fight discoloring fungus and mold on Lenin’s skin, and every eighteen months the corpse undergoes a chemical bath of glycerol and potassium for thirty days while the mausoleum is closed. During this time, Lenin’s clothes are washed and carefully ironed. And every three years, Lenin receives a new suit. Lenin can be viewed for five minutes at a time in small groups under the watchful eye of guards in every corner of the room. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/lenins-mausoleum

Being the most recognizable symbol of Russia in the world, the glorious Red Square is the UNESCO listed World Heritage which accepts thousands of tourists each year. No wonder that this sight is a true must-visit of any Moscow trip and every adventurous globe-trotter has a picture in front of St. Basil's Cathedral. The Red Square is set in the very heart of Moscow, separating the Kitay Gorod commercial district from the Kremlin walls, and has a history as old as the post-Mongol fortress itself. The name "Krásnaya Plóshchaď" translates from Russian as "red", yet the word also means "beautiful". This ancient center of Russia's political power dates back to the end of the 13th century and has a long and rich history. Originally, it was the site of a central market square established in an area cleared by decree for the defense of Kremlin on the banks of Moskva and Neglinnaya rivers. It was also a place where various festive processions were held and thus the square was considered a sacred place. https://www.travelallrussia.com/red-square

St. Basil’s Cathedral is Moscow’s most famous artistic work of architecture. Also called "Pokrovsky Cathedral" or "The Cathedral of Intercession of the Virgin by the Moat", it is the most recognizable Russian building. This Cathedral is to the Russians what the Eiffel Tower is to the French, an honorable symbol of their past, present, and future. The cathedral stands on the Red Square, facing the Ivory Gate Chapel. The St. Basil's Cathedral history started in 1555 by the order of Ivan IV ("Ivan the Terrible") in celebration of the defeat of Kazan, the last remaining grip of the Mongol Empire on European lands. Today there are more than 400 icons painted between the 14th and 19th centuries by the most famous schools of Novgorod and Moscow hanging on the walls. A narrow pathway leads you from one alter to another, passing through a wooden spiral staircase so well hidden in a wall, that it was only found during the 1970 restoration of the cathedral. Taking in the medieval aura and mystical spirituality of St. Basil’s imbues visitors with what can only be described as a quintessential Russian experience. https://www.travelallrussia.com/st-basil-moscow

The wooden palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich with 270 rooms decorated with paintings and carvings was built in 1667 without using any fasten materials, nails or hooks. It consisted of 26 buildings connected with each other by passages and halls. The whole complex was divided into male and female parts. The male part included ceremonial chambers, chambers of the Tsar and of his sons, while the female part belonged to the Tsarina and to the Tsar’s daughters. https://www.russiaeguide.com/wooden-palace-of-tsar-alexei-mikhailovich.html

Stjärnorp manor ruins are ruins of a 17th-century manor of the northern shore of Lake Roxen. The manor burned down in 1789 and the main building was never restored. Stjärnorp's castle was erected in 1655–1662 (in the parish of Vreta monastery ) by the Count and Field Marshal Robert Douglas (1611–1662). The castle and terraces were designed by Nicodemus Tessin. According to a story, it is said that when the war comrades and arms brothers Robert Douglas and Axel Lillie came home from the Westphalian peace, they entered into an agreement to build their respective castles, Stjärnorp's castle and Löfstad castle, so high that they could see and send greetings from the top floor to each other. All buildings were destroyed by a fire on May 12, 1789, but the castle chapel was restored already that year. The wing buildings were also rebuilt soon but financial resources were lacking for the main building, which is still a ruin. https://visitlinkoping.se/en/do/attractions/castles-and-manors/stj%C3%A4rnorps-slottsruin